The quality of the grapes you put into wine are the greatest determinant of the quality of the wine produced. In short, doing an effective job of growing grapes is the key to producing great wine.
It All Starts With The Location
The first step to grape planting is planning. The most important planning step for growing grapes that are of good quality is choosing the right spot. One of the keys to a great location is plenty of sunlight, spread equally across the grapevine. This allows your grapes to fill up with natural sugars, which will be necessary for the production of alcohol in the course of the fermentation.
Selecting good soil is another important aspect of location selection. Your soil should not have sitting water. So your soil should drain very well. It is important to dig your planting holes deep so that the soil can be loosened for proper drainage. Also, steer clear of the common mistake of enriching your soil. You shouldn't use fertilizers at all, as these will only help the weeds. Compost should be used only when even weeds don't grow in the soil. Wine grapes need to be small, so it is vital to keep soil nutrients to the very least.
Your vines should be planted at least 6 feet apart. If you intend to have a large vineyard, 8 feet apart is even better. If you do your grape planting properly, one healthy grapevine should be able to produce a gallon of wine. Then again, even if you do all the things right, there is the chance of losing part of your grape crop to disease, insects, and birds. This is a good reason to do more grape planting than seems necessary.
Tips on Growing Grapes
Of course, grape clusters are pretty heavy and hang from vines. So these vines are gonna need to have a trellis to grow around and use for support. During the first year of growth you will need to choose the strongest shoot from each vine to tie to the trellis for direction and support. String or another soft material is a much better choice than wire for tying, as wire can injure the shoot. The weaker shoots should be clipped. During dormant growth periods, you will need to prune the vines as well. When the vines start growing again, usually during the spring, choose the strongest new vines out of the shoot to carefully tie to the wires. These will be the vines that support the grape clusters that will be used to make wine.
Harvesting Your Grapes
A hydrometer can help you with harvest time. A wine making store will carry a hydrometer. It is used to test the gravity levels of a liquid. The basic idea is that you want to make sure for the proper sugar content of your grapes before harvesting them. Typically, a gravity of up to 1.105 is ideal, though it can be as low as 1.095 and still be fine for harvesting.
It may take years for your grape planting efforts to pay off, but it will be worth your effort when it does.
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If you're growing wine grapes, pruning grapes is a necessary task. It doesn't matter whether you own a vineyard or your own little backyard vine. The best grapes are those that come from vines that are carefully pruned. Like all plants, they need careful pest control and weeding as well.
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